Firewall Architectures

Key Points in Developing an Effective Security Policy

Safety Net P263

Classes of M-Commerce Applications

Establish SLAs Requires Steps

Turban, E., Leidner, D.,McLean, E., Wetherbe, J., 2006, Information Technology for Management, Transforming Organisations in the Digital Economy, 5th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York

LEB 312 - Week 1

• What is the nature and purpose of strategic transformation?

• Using an example:
• Explain the Impact of transformation change on a business’ architecture and infrastructure

• Give other examples of ‘transforming’ industries.


“Fit for purpose”
As technology is continuously improving and customer desires for more, company is involved into a non-stop innovation process, so that to sustain the market share, make profit in the long run.

Game Industry
Online game is the trend of game industry. Customer’s favour is playing with real people instead of machine now. Many popular games are redesigned into online version.
Web server is employed into the game industry as a component. Online payment, security, and online marketing are highly focused by game producer. Staff with special skill in network game design is needed. Latest console is designed to support wireless high speed connection.

Online Education
Network access is available at home. Students want to save time in commuting, and start to study in their free time. So we can see the possible and necessary of online education.
School starts to provide digital material. An enrolment system should be built up, which hardware, software, network & communication devices, information management personnel and database. IT staff is required. Tutor is trained to master basic computer skill, for communication and produce the learning material.


This course focuses much on change in a business environment, especially in network economy. And see how a company reacts to this change. Doing transformation to maintain competitive, getting more profit eventually. The whole structure builds up on EDCF.

Turban Chapter1 and MaKay P.127,128.

Roberts and Berry Model on Acquiring Capabilities

Strategic management process

1. Where is the firm now concerning the internet?
2. Where does the firm go next?
3. How does it get there?
4. How does it implement the decisions to get there?

S3PE SYSTEM

Strategy, structure, system, people and environment

Different Elements of Equity

IPO Process

Commerce strategies

B2B
B2C
P2P – C2C
C2B
B2E business-to-employee

Pricing Model

1. Fixed (menu) pricing
2. One-to-one bargaining
3. Auction
4. Reverse auction
5. Barter
6. Free

Profit Sites:

1. E-commerce
2. Content aggregators
3. Brokers/agents
4. Market makers
5. Service providers
6. Backbone operators
7. ISPs/OSPs
8. Last mile
9. Content creators
10. Software suppliers
11. Hardware suppliers

Business Model Taxnomy vs. Typology: Examples from the literature 2

Business Model Taxnomy vs. Typology: Examples from the literature 1

Revenue Model

Commission Model
Commission model relies on two factors:
1. Large volume of completed transactions to make the commission model worth while
2. To offset low volume with very expensive transaction
Commission – Intermediary – Brokerage


Advertising Model
Two ways:
Reaching broadest possible audience
Have a highly targeted and specialized audience.

Markup – based Model

Production – based Model

Refferral – based Model
Refferral – Affiliate – Click-through

Subscription – based Model

Fee-for-Service – based Model

Six Models

Complementary assets
Incremental/Radical dichotomy
Architectural innovation
Disruptive change
Innovation value – add chain
Technology life cycle

Internet Technology Life Cycle

Who Profits from Innovation. David Teece

Complementary Assets

Complementary assets are all other capabilities – apart from those that underpin the technology or invention – that the firm needs to exploit the technology.

Which and When Activies to Perform

Differentiation (8):(Customer Value)

Product Features
Timing
Location
Service
Product Mix
Linkage between functions
Linkage with other firms
Reputation
Reference: Afuah, A. and Tucci, C. L. 2003, Internet Business Models and Strategies, second edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.

Elements of a Business Model
Reference: Afuah, A. and Tucci, C. L. 2003, Internet Business Models and Strategies, second edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.

Properties of the Internet and the 5-Cs

5-Cs Impact on Internet:

Coordination
Commerce
Community
Content
Communication

Reference: Afuah, A. and Tucci, C. L. 2003, Internet Business Models and Strategies, second edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.

Value Network Profit Sites with Representative Companies
Reference: Afuah, A. and Tucci, C. L. 2003, Internet Business Models and Strategies, second edition, McGraw-Hill, New York. P21

Internet Infrastructure (5):

Backbone
Router (digital switches)
Point of presence
Computer servers
User’s connected computers

Reference: Afuah, A. and Tucci, C. L. 2003, Internet Business Models and Strategies, second edition, McGraw-Hill, New York. P13

Lesson 9 Study Journal

Every system involves people. The way of communication between human and machine is complex and different from communication between machines. So we focus on interaction design, which is about the subject called human-computer interaction.

Also, as a business designer, expression skill of the business idea to the participant of the system is important. The tool we can use to communicate is universal business model and rich picture until now. Universal business model includes EDCF, UBM and Porter’s model.
This model is in print format and the rich picture is visual, which is easier to understand the related components and relationship. But the disadvantage of rich picture is that it can not detail the operation in the model. In most of the time, rich picture has to be support by document or someone’s explanation.

Another thing to me is the language skill, which is a limitation to transfer an idea. This is a barrier to conquer and a room to improve.
Lack of area knowledge becomes another difficulty for communication. We can not pretend to be an expert.
The reality is the necessary to improve language skill and learn more area basic knowledge.

Lesson 8 Study Journal

We can use prototype in different areas, such as reveal technical issues, display work flow and task design.

Using a prototyping in illustration of business process is a method to verify whether a system working well. This method is visual, which is suitable for people to discuss.
The other advantage of prototyping is that it shows the interface of every component, so that designer understands the interaction from each part simply.

Why use prototyping

• Easy for evaluation and getting feedback


• Presentation to investor


• An aid for members to communicate


• Test of new ideas

Case Study
Here is the relationship of the auction system

Auction Map

Lesson 7 Study Journal

This lesson is about management of change. Change is constant. In EDCF, change describes in Change/Agency, while Universal Business Model categories change in Influences and Performance mostly. Risk and opportunity come from change.


Change comes from:

Great Idea: It is a new model, new process, and new method to handle business
Improvement: It is a modification of existing infrastructure, business process, software, and interface etc.
Sudden Event: Such as 9/11, Asia Tsunami, financial market crash
New Technology: Internet, mobile commerce, eyes/finger print check and GPS etc.

Small Business Disaster Recovery Strategy
Small business will spend less money on DR compared to large company; meanwhile small business has less data to protect.

Two main solutions to DR are Tape back up system and Host-based replication system.
Host system is able to physically distribute the data in different place, but more expensive than Tape. These two solutions can be used together. (Mike Talon, 2004)

If the data is kept on back up, the space in disk will become less and less, it is impossible to store all the data. So a clarification and deletion is necessary in back up management.


Reference:
http://techrepublic.com.com/5100-6350-5294982.html#

Lesson 6 Study Journal

This lesson is about designing interface between different parts of the business system. Again, we should consider the existing interface first, what we do is modifying or creating a small part of the interrelation. After that we should be able to evaluate the whole EDCF system.

Opera Analysis
Performance of Opera is providing a platform for act. The light, sound effect decorate is the internal infrastructure, and the traffic system, ticket selling network and human management could be external infrastructure. How to manage of renting of Opera, deal with proposal and get benefit is the business model. There are lots of famous stages in China, how to attract actor and audience is the main issue of agencies.


There should be several systems in Opera, such as proposal evaluation system, infrastructure management system, advertising system and market research system etc.
In order to evaluate a project, data should be collected in different system, to decide whether invent on a proposal. When the ticket starts to sell, infrastructure system calls for advertising system to do promotion. Advertising system replies on market research system data, niche market and target the audience. The market research system should acquire the data from infrastructure system to reevaluate and rearrange the performance process.

Lesson 5 Study Journal

From the Dowding(2001) ‘Universal Business Model’, it is easy to catch the conceptual design of a business/organization/enterprise. Every component of the business has been analysis, which reveals the advantage and disadvantage of the current business.

Ten aspects of the ‘Universal Business Model’

Identity (Name, Constitution, Reputation, Impact)

Purpose (Raison d'etre, Core values, Vision, Mission, Key policy, Target Market)

Structure (Physical deployment, Functional composition, Roles and jobs, Workplaces, Reporting structure, External infrastructure)

Participants (Owners, Managers, Workers, Channel, Customers, Suppliers,Partners, Neighbours, Indirect participants)

Enablers (Land and buildings, Technology, Intellectual property, information, Skills, Core competencies, Relationships, Financial resources)

Activities (Line-of-business, Support, Management, Compliance, Incidental)

Deliverables (Products, Services)

Influences (Constraints and pressures, Risk and threats, Opportunities, competitors)

Culture (Management style, Rules and customs, Social behaviour, Attitude to work, Benefits and perks, Personal development)

Performance (Scale, Efficiency, Empathy, Innovation, Financial)

The architecture of a system defines its basic components and important concepts and describes the relationships among them. (Treese, G., and Stewart L., 2002, Designing Systems for Internet Commerce

http://www.serissa.com/Commerce/architecture.pdf )

Dowding, 2001, ‘The Universal Business Model’ http://www.howarddowding.com

Lesson 4 Study Journal

Many systems have already existed in a business. When we begin to apply an idea in a business, we should consider these existed systems. What we do in system design is modifying some of the systems, or creating a new system. The whole system has been adjusted to contain a new function, and insure this function work properly.

A process to system design

Define a problem

Collect data and evidence

Redefine purpose

Design system

This is a remodel process in system develop life cycle.

Create a BLOG is easy, and BLOG is very useful. I have applied for two BLOG, one is in Chinese and the other is in English.
I choose the English BLOG eventually, because it is hard to connect my Chinese BLOG, and the view of my English BLOG is better and it is full of functions, such as changing the template by writing code.
I can look at other people’s BLOG one after one by a click. It just like change the channel on TV, you will not know what subject comes out in the next channel. This is a free experience, like shopping, you can come across so many new items.

Lesson 1 Study Journal

This course is about how to structure a business idea, use model to simplify relationship in cooperation. We usually draw picture to detail the design. By using picture, we can discuss issues occurred in practicing an idea, let people know how a company works.
There are two things I do not understand in Learning Guide. Some references behind each lesson do not include a chapter or page. Whether I have to read the whole book, or just pick up a related part to read? Another thing is I can not find one book (Norman, D. A, 1995) in Swinburne library, and this book is referred by many lessons. It is an important book, but where can I find it?

Some concepts explain below:

Model. A prototype or surrogate of a complex situation. It can be a physical model, such as an architectural model of urban design, or a mathematical model of interactions of many variables. It is used in simulations for relating various components together or can be a stand alone tool to evaluate different approaches using different assumptions. Recent use of personal computer tools allows many types of software to effectively answer questions such as "what if I increase the growth rate"; these too are models. http://ag.arizona.edu/futures/home/glossary.html

System development life cycle (SDLC). In this cycle, systems are developed, used, modified, redeveloped, used, modified, and so forth. Many systems in use today have been through this process dozens of times and are, tracing back through all their versions, 25 or 30 years old.
(Kroenke D., Hatch, R. 1994, Management Information System, third edition, P24.)

Lesson 3 Study Journal

Four I’s concept

• Intuitive: business should be perspective, having the knowledge of what the customer need, foreseeing how the market will change.


• Informative: a design should include an instruction. Keep the instruction easy and simple for user to apply. Tell user what should be caution in using the product.
  


• Inclusive: a design should clarify its target consumer by its physical property, common sense symbol etc.
  


• Innovative: design a new way to solve problem based on technology, new process and system.
  

Value Proposition:
One product has different value in customer’s view of point, because needs from customer is different. The price represents value in the form of money
Notes: Price = Value = Need

Mental Model
Every people has his/her own knowledge. When people come across new product or design, he/she learns how to use this product or understand a concept based on former knowledge. This knowledge is called metal model.

System
It includes input, process and output. In system, we value system thinking and concentrate on system design. Every business is a system, EDCF is the blueprint to construct a business system.

Lesson 2 Study Journal

There are four components within EDCF (Enterprise design conceptual framework):

• Performance: it is about setting up a goal, and measuring how to achieve the goal.


• Infrastructure: it is the technology enterprise can use and engage inside, such as mobile phone, Internet and GPS.


• Business models: it is a framework to guide a company working well. This framework includes detailed information about every element’s property and how they interact.
  


• Change & Agencies: power or force comes from the environment. Enterprise should adjust itself in order to survive.

EDCF helps to develop a company clearly. Also it illustrates the whole business of a company to an entrepreneur.